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使用 WSL 在Windows

ubuntu/Debian

Note: Migrate to Debian before Ubuntu 20.04 ends support (April, 2025).

  • Windows 10 1809+
    缺省为WSL1
wsl -l -v

在powerShell的管理员模式下运行命令!

安装/卸载

ON:

Control Panel -> Uninstall a program -> Turn Windows features on or off, 
勾选“Windows Subsystem for Linux”

Ubuntu

Add-AppxPackage .\Ubuntu_2004.xxx.appx

卸载

如果“普通”方式不工作，请使用“命令行”。

  • 普通 右击“Ubuntu xxx” 图标，选择“Uninstall”即可。

  • 命令行

wslconfig /u

Debian

Add-AppxPackage .\DistroLauncher-Appx_1.12.2.0_x64.appx

WSL2

  • Enable Virtual Machine feature
dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart

Reboot your Windows 10 host

  • WSL Linux kernel update package
wsl --update
  • Install Click the “Debian” icon to install Debian. This takes some time.

Set a username and password for your Debian GNU/Linux installation when prompted

You are now logged in to your Debian system in command line mode

exec

enter wsl:

wsl --shutdown
wsl -u root

sources list

echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4" | sudo tee /etc/resolv.conf > /dev/null
  • update
echo "deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main non-free contrib" > /etc/apt/sources.list && \
apt update -y

usrmerge

  • install
apt install usrmerge
umount lib

If the following error message is displayed, it means v1 is mounting “/lib/modules”.

FATAL ERROR:

/lib/modules/ is a mount point.
Probably this system is using User Mode Linux or some variant of Xen.

To continue the conversion please unmount /lib/modules/ (try the command
'umount -l /lib/modules/') and then try again.
Do not forget to reboot after the conversion is complete to have it
mounted again.

umount it:

umount -l /lib/modules

Upgrade Debian 11 to 12

apt upgrade -y
apt dist-upgrade -y
apt autoremove -y

使用

更改源列表:

sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

http://archive.ubuntu.com -> https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/

文件互访

首先，使用windows记事本，建立一个testTxtFile.txt；
然后，在WSL查看文件内容。

cd /mnt/c/Users/tdtc/
vi testTxtFile.txt

最后，用WSL重命名文件名:

mv testTxtFile.txt testFile.txt

在windows就可以看到重命名的testFile.txt。

访问WSL服务

WSL与windows 10共有端口，所以Windows 10已使用的端口，不要再分配给WSL

首先，在wsl中启动nginx；

sudo service nginx start

然后访问(回环地址)：127.0.0.1:90 nginx info

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